Difference between revisions of "NewLinuxInfo"

From TheBestLinux.com
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Line 4: Line 4:
 
<h3>This information pertains to very modern recent relases of Redhat based distributions,  
 
<h3>This information pertains to very modern recent relases of Redhat based distributions,  
 
including the latest releases of CentOS and Fedora, which has had most of these service upgrades and replacements for the last few years now!</h3>
 
including the latest releases of CentOS and Fedora, which has had most of these service upgrades and replacements for the last few years now!</h3>
 +
<br /><br />
 +
<h1>'''systemctl'''</h1>
 
<br /><br />
 
<br /><br />
 
<h4>The first such service upgrade actually replaced most, if not all of the service init.d startup & shutdown scripts with a very different way of managing the startup, status and shutdown of services, such as the Apache webserver, the CUPS print server, the secure shell, aka the SSH server, and all of the other services that used to be controlled by shell scripts located in the /etc/init.d/ directory.  This directory still exists so that in the event that an old legacy service needs to still be managed by the init.d shell scripts, due to the service not yet having the required setup to be managed by the replacement of all of those scripts:</h4>
 
<h4>The first such service upgrade actually replaced most, if not all of the service init.d startup & shutdown scripts with a very different way of managing the startup, status and shutdown of services, such as the Apache webserver, the CUPS print server, the secure shell, aka the SSH server, and all of the other services that used to be controlled by shell scripts located in the /etc/init.d/ directory.  This directory still exists so that in the event that an old legacy service needs to still be managed by the init.d shell scripts, due to the service not yet having the required setup to be managed by the replacement of all of those scripts:</h4>
−
<br /><br />
 
−
<h1>'''systemctl'''</h1>
 
 
<br /><br />
 
<br /><br />
 
<h4>For instance, here is an example of systemctl being used to query the Secure Shell Server(SSH):</h4>
 
<h4>For instance, here is an example of systemctl being used to query the Secure Shell Server(SSH):</h4>
Line 75: Line 75:
 
Sep 11 02:42:38 fc24.dawgland.com systemd[1]: Started OpenSSH server daemon.
 
Sep 11 02:42:38 fc24.dawgland.com systemd[1]: Started OpenSSH server daemon.
 
lines 1-15/15 (END)
 
lines 1-15/15 (END)
 +
 +
</pre>
 +
<br /><br />
 +
 +
<h1>'''dnf'''</h1>
 +
<br /><br />
 +
Another '''BIG''' change to a "more modern" way of managing all of the software packages on your Linux machine,
 +
is the '''dnf''' command that is a direct drop-in replacement for '''yum''', the old, tried and true RPM package manager that for going on 20 years has been the main interface to manage Linux software installations, taking into account all of the required dependencies, as well as uninstalling, more commonly referred to "removing" software packages.
 +
<br /><br />
 +
Here is an example of how to use '''dnf''' to first search for, and then install over the internet, the VLC video/movie player, probably the best video player not only for Linux, but also for Mac and Windows based systems:
 +
<pre style="color:blue">
 +
[root@fc24 ~]# dnf search blender
 +
Last metadata expiration check: 2:29:11 ago on Sun Sep 11 00:31:02 2016.
 +
=========================== N/S Matched: blender ============================
 +
blender.x86_64 : 3D modeling, animation, rendering and post-production
 +
 +
</pre>
 +
<br /><br />
 +
After searching for and finding the package I want to install, I then use dnf, '''NOT YUM!''', to perform the dependency checking, downloading of the package along with the required dependencies, install all of the packages, and then perform what is called the "Cleanup" portion of the process.
 +
<br /><br />
 +
This is how to use '''dnf''' to download, install, and then clean up any left over junk:
 +
<pre style="color:blue">
 +
[root@fc24 ~]# dnf install blender
 +
Last metadata expiration check: 2:30:45 ago on Sun Sep 11 00:31:02 2016.
 +
Dependencies resolved.
 +
=============================================================================
 +
Package                      Arch      Version            Repository  Size
 +
=============================================================================
 +
Installing:
 +
Field3D                      x86_64    1.7.2-1.fc24        updates    519 k
 +
OpenColorIO                  x86_64    1.0.9-11.fc24      fedora    439 k
 +
OpenImageIO                  x86_64    1.6.16-1.fc24      updates    1.7 M
 +
blender                      x86_64    1:2.77a-1.fc24      updates    29 M
 +
boost-locale                x86_64    1.60.0-7.fc24      updates    279 k
 +
boost-program-options        x86_64    1.60.0-7.fc24      updates    166 k
 +
boost-regex                  x86_64    1.60.0-7.fc24      updates    300 k
 +
fftw-libs-double            x86_64    3.3.4-7.fc24        fedora    805 k
 +
fonts-blender                noarch    1:2.77a-1.fc24      updates    4.7 M
 +
google-droid-sans-fonts      noarch    20120715-10.fc24    fedora    2.5 M
 +
hdf5                        x86_64    1.8.16-3.fc24      fedora    1.7 M
 +
jack-audio-connection-kit    x86_64    1.9.10-5.fc24      fedora    555 k
 +
jemalloc                    x86_64    4.2.1-1.fc24        updates    182 k
 +
libffado                    x86_64    2.2.1-8.fc24        fedora    690 k
 +
libspnav                    x86_64    0.2.3-3.fc24        fedora      17 k
 +
libxml++                    x86_64    2.40.1-2.fc24      fedora      89 k
 +
pugixml                      x86_64    1.7-2.fc24          fedora      92 k
 +
python3-numpy                x86_64    1:1.11.0-4.fc24    fedora    3.0 M
 +
tinyxml                      x86_64    2.6.2-11.fc24      fedora      54 k
 +
yaml-cpp03                  x86_64    0.3.0-9.fc24        fedora    151 k
 +
 +
Transaction Summary
 +
=============================================================================
 +
Install  20 Packages
 +
 +
Total download size: 47 M
 +
Installed size: 178 M
 +
Is this ok [y/N]: y
  
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
 
<br /><br />
 
<br /><br />

Revision as of 10:06, 11 September 2016

Guides, Info & Tips on New Modern Linux Server Administration

Modern Server Administration of Critical Systems

This information pertains to very modern recent relases of Redhat based distributions, including the latest releases of CentOS and Fedora, which has had most of these service upgrades and replacements for the last few years now!



systemctl



The first such service upgrade actually replaced most, if not all of the service init.d startup & shutdown scripts with a very different way of managing the startup, status and shutdown of services, such as the Apache webserver, the CUPS print server, the secure shell, aka the SSH server, and all of the other services that used to be controlled by shell scripts located in the /etc/init.d/ directory. This directory still exists so that in the event that an old legacy service needs to still be managed by the init.d shell scripts, due to the service not yet having the required setup to be managed by the replacement of all of those scripts:



For instance, here is an example of systemctl being used to query the Secure Shell Server(SSH):

[root@fc24 ~]# systemctl status sshd.service
● sshd.service - OpenSSH server daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service; enabled; vendor pres
   Active: active (running) since Sun 2016-09-11 01:12:21 PDT; 1h 20min ago
     Docs: man:sshd(8)
           man:sshd_config(5)
  Process: 791 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/sshd $OPTIONS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCE
 Main PID: 810 (sshd)
    Tasks: 1 (limit: 512)
   CGroup: /system.slice/sshd.service
           └─810 /usr/sbin/sshd

Sep 11 01:12:20 fc24.dawgland.com systemd[1]: Starting OpenSSH server daemon.
Sep 11 01:12:21 fc24.dawgland.com systemd[1]: sshd.service: PID file /var/run
Sep 11 01:12:21 fc24.dawgland.com sshd[810]: Server listening on 0.0.0.0 port
Sep 11 01:12:21 fc24.dawgland.com systemd[1]: Started OpenSSH server daemon.
lines 1-15/15 (END)



This is what is looks like after stopping the SSH server:

[root@fc24 ~]# systemctl stop sshd.service
[root@fc24 ~]# systemctl status sshd.service
● sshd.service - OpenSSH server daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service; enabled; vendor pres
   Active: inactive (dead) since Sun 2016-09-11 02:38:55 PDT; 10s ago
     Docs: man:sshd(8)
           man:sshd_config(5)
  Process: 791 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/sshd $OPTIONS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCE
 Main PID: 810 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Sep 11 01:12:20 fc24.dawgland.com systemd[1]: Starting OpenSSH server daemon.
Sep 11 01:12:21 fc24.dawgland.com systemd[1]: sshd.service: PID file /var/run
Sep 11 01:12:21 fc24.dawgland.com sshd[810]: Server listening on 0.0.0.0 port
Sep 11 01:12:21 fc24.dawgland.com systemd[1]: Started OpenSSH server daemon.
Sep 11 02:38:55 fc24.dawgland.com systemd[1]: Stopping OpenSSH server daemon.
Sep 11 02:38:55 fc24.dawgland.com systemd[1]: Stopped OpenSSH server daemon.
lines 1-14/14 (END)



And this is the command to start it back up, and because there is no output after starting it, I've also included the output of the status once again after starting the Secure Shell Server back up:

[root@fc24 ~]# systemctl start sshd.service
[root@fc24 ~]# systemctl status sshd.service
● sshd.service - OpenSSH server daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service; enabled; vendor pres
   Active: active (running) since Sun 2016-09-11 02:42:38 PDT; 9s ago
     Docs: man:sshd(8)
           man:sshd_config(5)
  Process: 2801 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/sshd $OPTIONS (code=exited, status=0/SUCC
 Main PID: 2803 (sshd)
    Tasks: 1 (limit: 512)
   CGroup: /system.slice/sshd.service
           └─2803 /usr/sbin/sshd

Sep 11 02:42:38 fc24.dawgland.com systemd[1]: Starting OpenSSH server daemon.
Sep 11 02:42:38 fc24.dawgland.com systemd[1]: sshd.service: PID file /var/run
Sep 11 02:42:38 fc24.dawgland.com sshd[2803]: Server listening on 0.0.0.0 por
Sep 11 02:42:38 fc24.dawgland.com systemd[1]: Started OpenSSH server daemon.
lines 1-15/15 (END)



dnf



Another BIG change to a "more modern" way of managing all of the software packages on your Linux machine, is the dnf command that is a direct drop-in replacement for yum, the old, tried and true RPM package manager that for going on 20 years has been the main interface to manage Linux software installations, taking into account all of the required dependencies, as well as uninstalling, more commonly referred to "removing" software packages.

Here is an example of how to use dnf to first search for, and then install over the internet, the VLC video/movie player, probably the best video player not only for Linux, but also for Mac and Windows based systems: 

[root@fc24 ~]# dnf search blender
Last metadata expiration check: 2:29:11 ago on Sun Sep 11 00:31:02 2016.
=========================== N/S Matched: blender ============================
blender.x86_64 : 3D modeling, animation, rendering and post-production



After searching for and finding the package I want to install, I then use dnf, NOT YUM!, to perform the dependency checking, downloading of the package along with the required dependencies, install all of the packages, and then perform what is called the "Cleanup" portion of the process.

This is how to use dnf to download, install, and then clean up any left over junk: 

[root@fc24 ~]# dnf install blender
Last metadata expiration check: 2:30:45 ago on Sun Sep 11 00:31:02 2016.
Dependencies resolved.
=============================================================================
 Package                      Arch      Version             Repository  Size
=============================================================================
Installing:
 Field3D                      x86_64    1.7.2-1.fc24        updates    519 k
 OpenColorIO                  x86_64    1.0.9-11.fc24       fedora     439 k
 OpenImageIO                  x86_64    1.6.16-1.fc24       updates    1.7 M
 blender                      x86_64    1:2.77a-1.fc24      updates     29 M
 boost-locale                 x86_64    1.60.0-7.fc24       updates    279 k
 boost-program-options        x86_64    1.60.0-7.fc24       updates    166 k
 boost-regex                  x86_64    1.60.0-7.fc24       updates    300 k
 fftw-libs-double             x86_64    3.3.4-7.fc24        fedora     805 k
 fonts-blender                noarch    1:2.77a-1.fc24      updates    4.7 M
 google-droid-sans-fonts      noarch    20120715-10.fc24    fedora     2.5 M
 hdf5                         x86_64    1.8.16-3.fc24       fedora     1.7 M
 jack-audio-connection-kit    x86_64    1.9.10-5.fc24       fedora     555 k
 jemalloc                     x86_64    4.2.1-1.fc24        updates    182 k
 libffado                     x86_64    2.2.1-8.fc24        fedora     690 k
 libspnav                     x86_64    0.2.3-3.fc24        fedora      17 k
 libxml++                     x86_64    2.40.1-2.fc24       fedora      89 k
 pugixml                      x86_64    1.7-2.fc24          fedora      92 k
 python3-numpy                x86_64    1:1.11.0-4.fc24     fedora     3.0 M
 tinyxml                      x86_64    2.6.2-11.fc24       fedora      54 k
 yaml-cpp03                   x86_64    0.3.0-9.fc24        fedora     151 k

Transaction Summary
=============================================================================
Install  20 Packages

Total download size: 47 M
Installed size: 178 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y



Retrieved from "https://thebestlinux.com/index.php?title=NewLinuxInfo&oldid=708"