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== WINDOWS COMMAND-LINE COMMANDS & TOOLS ==
+
= '''WINDOWS COMMAND-LINE COMMANDS & TOOLS''' =
 +
 
 +
== '''PowerShell Commands''' ==
 +
 
 +
=== '''Windows Powershell Commands & Examples - All Windows Versions''' ===
 +
Here are a bunch of Powershell commands that work in most, if not all, versions of Windows.  Of course, the newer the version of Windows, the more command there are available, and the way they are used sometimes also has changed.  This is where the Windows built-in "Get-Help" commandlet comes in handy.  It is similar to the built-in "man",(short for "MANUAL"), as it's available via the command line for most commands.
 +
<br /><br />
 +
'''Windows Version'''
 +
On the topic of what Powershell commands are available on which versions of Windows, this first section goes over the different methods of finding out exactaly which version of Windows you are dealing with.
 +
 
 +
*  Get-ComputerInfo
 +
** This get's the Windows version as seen by HAL, the Hardware Abstraction Layer:
 +
<pre style="color:blue">
 +
PS C:\Users\jamie.DAWGLAND> Get-ComputerInfo | select WindowsProductName, WindowsVersion, OsHardwareAbstractionLayer
 +
 
 +
WindowsProductName            WindowsVersion OsHardwareAbstractionLayer
 +
------------------            -------------- --------------------------
 +
Windows Server 2022 Datacenter 2009          10.0.20348.558
 +
 
 +
 
 +
PS C:\Users\jamie.DAWGLAND>
 +
</pre>
 +
<br /><br />
 +
*  Get-ItemProperty
 +
** This command get's the value of the current version in the Windows Registry:
 +
<pre style="color:blue">
 +
PS C:\Users\jamie.DAWGLAND> (Get-ItemProperty "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion").ReleaseId
 +
2009
 +
PS C:\Users\jamie.DAWGLAND>
 +
</pre>
 +
<br /><br />
 +
*  systeminfo
 +
** The "systeminfo" command retrieves a ton of information about the OS and hardward.  In this example, I use the "findstr" command to pipe the output of the systeminfo command into findstr to only retreive lines that contain the string "OS", as seen here:
 +
<pre style="color:blue">
 +
PS C:\Users\jamie.DAWGLAND> systeminfo | findstr OS     
 +
OS Name:                  Microsoft Windows Server 2022 Datacenter
 +
OS Version:                10.0.20348 N/A Build 20348
 +
OS Manufacturer:          Microsoft Corporation
 +
OS Configuration:          Primary Domain Controller
 +
OS Build Type:            Multiprocessor Free
 +
BIOS Version:              VMware, Inc. VMW201.00V.20192059.B64.2207280713, 7/28/2022
 +
PS C:\Users\jamie.DAWGLAND>
 +
</pre>
 +
<br /><br />
 +
*  [System.Environment]::OSVersion.Version
 +
** Pull the Windows version from the system's environtment variables:
 +
<pre style="color:blue">
 +
PS C:\Users\jamie.DAWGLAND> [System.Environment]::OSVersion.Version
 +
 
 +
Major  Minor  Build  Revision
 +
-----  -----  -----  --------
 +
10    0      20348  0
 +
 
 +
PS C:\Users\jamie.DAWGLAND>
 +
</pre>
 +
<br /><br />
 +
*  Get-ComputerInfo -Property Windows*
 +
** Using the * wild-card to grab the actually pertinent information with one command:
 +
<pre style="color:blue">
 +
PS C:\Users\jamie.DAWGLAND> Get-ComputerInfo -Property Windows*
 +
 
 +
 
 +
WindowsBuildLabEx              : 20348.1.amd64fre.fe_release.210507-1500       
 +
WindowsCurrentVersion          : 6.3
 +
WindowsEditionId              : ServerDatacenter
 +
WindowsInstallationType        : Server
 +
WindowsInstallDateFromRegistry : 1/19/2023 1:14:37 AM
 +
WindowsProductId              : 00454-60000-00001-AA331
 +
WindowsProductName            : Windows Server 2022 Datacenter
 +
WindowsRegisteredOrganization  :
 +
WindowsRegisteredOwner        : Windows User
 +
WindowsSystemRoot              : C:\Windows
 +
WindowsVersion                : 2009
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
PS C:\Users\jamie.DAWGLAND>
 +
</pre>
 +
 
 +
<br /><br />
 +
*  (Get-CimInstance Win32_OperatingSystem).version
 +
** Last, but not least:
 +
<pre style="color:blue>
 +
PS C:\Users\jamie.DAWGLAND> (Get-CimInstance Win32_OperatingSystem).version
 +
10.0.20348
 +
PS C:\Users\jamie.DAWGLAND>
 +
</pre>
 +
<br /><br />
 +
 
 +
==== '''Reading Windows Registry Values to Get System Info & to Use in Scripts!''' ====
 +
 
 +
*  Reading registry values from the commandline(CMD):
 +
** Syntax:
 +
<pre style="color:blue">
 +
REG QUERY [ROOT\]RegKey /v ValueName [/s]
 +
REG QUERY [ROOT\]RegKey /ve --This returns the (default) value
 +
Where RegKey is the key which needs to be searched for in the registry.
 +
</pre>
 +
*  Example
 +
<pre style="color:blue">
 +
@echo off
 +
REG QUERY HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Windows\
 +
</pre>
 +
The above command will query all the keys and their respective values under the registry key
 +
<br />
 +
'''HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Windows\'''
 +
<br /><br />
 +
This location in the registry has some key information about the windows system such as the System Directory location.
 +
<br />
 +
*  Example output from above "REG QUERY" command:
 +
<pre style="color:blue">
 +
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Windows
 +
  Directory REG_EXPAND_SZ %SystemRoot%
 +
  SystemDirectory REG_EXPAND_SZ %SystemRoot%\system32
 +
  NoInteractiveServices REG_DWORD 0x1
 +
  CSDBuildNumber REG_DWORD 0x4000
 +
  ShellErrorMode REG_DWORD 0x1
 +
  ComponentizedBuild REG_DWORD 0x1
 +
  CSDVersion REG_DWORD 0x0
 +
  ErrorMode REG_DWORD 0x0
 +
  CSDReleaseType REG_DWORD 0x0
 +
  ShutdownTime REG_BINARY 3AFEF5D05D46D101
 +
</pre>
 +
<br />
 +
 
 +
==== '''Enable Remote Desktop Protocol(RDP) from the Command Line(CMD)''' ====
 +
[https://cloudzy.com/blog/enable-rdp-cmd/ Here are the badic commnds to enable RDP(Remote Desktop Protocol) from the command line(CMD)]
 +
<br />
 +
 
 +
=== '''Windows Server - Specific''' ===
 +
This one-liner will give you the EXACT version of Windows currently running:
 +
<pre style"color:blue">
 +
(Get-WmiObject -class Win32_OperatingSystem).Caption
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Query Detailed System Information - Here is an example of how to obtain detailed system information about the server you are currently working on:
 +
<pre style="color:blue">
 +
 
  
−
=== PowerShell Commands ===
 
 
SConfig Start Server Configuration text-mode command-line tool for Server Core without GUI
 
SConfig Start Server Configuration text-mode command-line tool for Server Core without GUI
 
Get-History Gets history of current session
 
Get-History Gets history of current session
Line 37: Line 174:
 
control update Start Windows Updates
 
control update Start Windows Updates
  
 +
The BIG List of Windows Commands
 +
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/windows-commands
  
 
=== Windows Server LICENSE MANAGER Commands: ===
 
=== Windows Server LICENSE MANAGER Commands: ===
Line 133: Line 272:
 
=== More Useful Command Lists From Other Sites ===
 
=== More Useful Command Lists From Other Sites ===
 
* https://www.lifewire.com/windows-run-command-guide-3401937
 
* https://www.lifewire.com/windows-run-command-guide-3401937
 +
 +
== Batch File Scripting ==
 +
* [https://www.tutorialspoint.com/batch_script/batch_script_reading_registry.htm Reading from the Registry]
 +
* [https://cloudzy.com/blog/enable-rdp-cmd/ Enable Remote Desktop Protoco(RDP) from the command line]

Latest revision as of 07:23, 6 August 2024

WINDOWS COMMAND-LINE COMMANDS & TOOLS

PowerShell Commands

Windows Powershell Commands & Examples - All Windows Versions

Here are a bunch of Powershell commands that work in most, if not all, versions of Windows. Of course, the newer the version of Windows, the more command there are available, and the way they are used sometimes also has changed. This is where the Windows built-in "Get-Help" commandlet comes in handy. It is similar to the built-in "man",(short for "MANUAL"), as it's available via the command line for most commands.

Windows Version On the topic of what Powershell commands are available on which versions of Windows, this first section goes over the different methods of finding out exactaly which version of Windows you are dealing with.

  • Get-ComputerInfo
    • This get's the Windows version as seen by HAL, the Hardware Abstraction Layer:
PS C:\Users\jamie.DAWGLAND> Get-ComputerInfo | select WindowsProductName, WindowsVersion, OsHardwareAbstractionLayer

WindowsProductName             WindowsVersion OsHardwareAbstractionLayer
------------------             -------------- --------------------------
Windows Server 2022 Datacenter 2009           10.0.20348.558


PS C:\Users\jamie.DAWGLAND>



  • Get-ItemProperty
    • This command get's the value of the current version in the Windows Registry:
PS C:\Users\jamie.DAWGLAND> (Get-ItemProperty "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion").ReleaseId
2009
PS C:\Users\jamie.DAWGLAND>



  • systeminfo
    • The "systeminfo" command retrieves a ton of information about the OS and hardward. In this example, I use the "findstr" command to pipe the output of the systeminfo command into findstr to only retreive lines that contain the string "OS", as seen here:
PS C:\Users\jamie.DAWGLAND> systeminfo | findstr OS       
OS Name:                   Microsoft Windows Server 2022 Datacenter
OS Version:                10.0.20348 N/A Build 20348
OS Manufacturer:           Microsoft Corporation
OS Configuration:          Primary Domain Controller
OS Build Type:             Multiprocessor Free
BIOS Version:              VMware, Inc. VMW201.00V.20192059.B64.2207280713, 7/28/2022
PS C:\Users\jamie.DAWGLAND>



  • [System.Environment]::OSVersion.Version
    • Pull the Windows version from the system's environtment variables:
PS C:\Users\jamie.DAWGLAND> [System.Environment]::OSVersion.Version

Major  Minor  Build  Revision
-----  -----  -----  --------
10     0      20348  0

PS C:\Users\jamie.DAWGLAND>



  • Get-ComputerInfo -Property Windows*
    • Using the * wild-card to grab the actually pertinent information with one command:
PS C:\Users\jamie.DAWGLAND> Get-ComputerInfo -Property Windows*


WindowsBuildLabEx              : 20348.1.amd64fre.fe_release.210507-1500        
WindowsCurrentVersion          : 6.3
WindowsEditionId               : ServerDatacenter
WindowsInstallationType        : Server
WindowsInstallDateFromRegistry : 1/19/2023 1:14:37 AM
WindowsProductId               : 00454-60000-00001-AA331
WindowsProductName             : Windows Server 2022 Datacenter
WindowsRegisteredOrganization  :
WindowsRegisteredOwner         : Windows User
WindowsSystemRoot              : C:\Windows
WindowsVersion                 : 2009



PS C:\Users\jamie.DAWGLAND>



  • (Get-CimInstance Win32_OperatingSystem).version
    • Last, but not least:
PS C:\Users\jamie.DAWGLAND> (Get-CimInstance Win32_OperatingSystem).version
10.0.20348
PS C:\Users\jamie.DAWGLAND>



Reading Windows Registry Values to Get System Info & to Use in Scripts!

  • Reading registry values from the commandline(CMD):
    • Syntax:
REG QUERY [ROOT\]RegKey /v ValueName [/s] 
REG QUERY [ROOT\]RegKey /ve --This returns the (default) value
Where RegKey is the key which needs to be searched for in the registry.
  • Example
@echo off 
REG QUERY HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Windows\

The above command will query all the keys and their respective values under the registry key
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Windows\

This location in the registry has some key information about the windows system such as the System Directory location.

  • Example output from above "REG QUERY" command:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Windows
   Directory REG_EXPAND_SZ %SystemRoot%
   SystemDirectory REG_EXPAND_SZ %SystemRoot%\system32
   NoInteractiveServices REG_DWORD 0x1
   CSDBuildNumber REG_DWORD 0x4000
   ShellErrorMode REG_DWORD 0x1
   ComponentizedBuild REG_DWORD 0x1
   CSDVersion REG_DWORD 0x0
   ErrorMode REG_DWORD 0x0
   CSDReleaseType REG_DWORD 0x0
   ShutdownTime REG_BINARY 3AFEF5D05D46D101


Enable Remote Desktop Protocol(RDP) from the Command Line(CMD)

Here are the badic commnds to enable RDP(Remote Desktop Protocol) from the command line(CMD)

Windows Server - Specific

This one-liner will give you the EXACT version of Windows currently running: 

(Get-WmiObject -class Win32_OperatingSystem).Caption



Query Detailed System Information - Here is an example of how to obtain detailed system information about the server you are currently working on:



SConfig						Start Server Configuration text-mode command-line tool for Server Core without GUI
Get-History					Gets history of current session
(Get-PSReadlineOption).HistorySavePath		This gives you the path where all of the history is saved.
cat (Get-PSReadlineOption).HistorySavePath	Spit out all history!
cat (Get-PSReadlineOption).HistorySavePath | select -Last 10 --> get the last 10 lines
Get-Content (Get-PSReadlineOption).HistorySavePath > C:\PowerShellHistory.txt  --> Copy all history to file
notepad (Get-PSReadlineOption).HistorySavePath	Open all history in Notepad GUI
Select-String "<search pattern>" (Get-PSReadlineOption).HistorySavePath  --> Search All History
		Same as above but without the details/line numbers/etc:
Get-Content (Get-PSReadlineOption).HistorySavePath | Select-String "<search pattern>" 

Basic Command:
cat (Get-PSReadlineOption).HistorySavePath

SSH Server & Client Setup on Windows Using PowerShell commands:
From URL:
https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/itops-talk-blog/installing-and-configuring-openssh-on-windows-server-2019/ba-p/309540

Add-WindowsCapability -Online -Name OpenSSH.ServerJamie Rubinstein | Jamie@dawgland.com | https://www.dawgland.com 19:07, 8 May 2023 (UTC)0.0.1.0
Add-WindowsCapability -Online -Name OpenSSH.ClientJamie Rubinstein | Jamie@dawgland.com | https://www.dawgland.com 19:07, 8 May 2023 (UTC)0.0.1.0

If you’re intending to use key based, rather than password based, authentication, you should also run the following command on the server to install an OpenSSH related PowerShell module that includes tools to help you configure that functionality:

Install-Module -Force OpenSSHUtils -Scope AllUsers

To install NANO text editor, as per URL this is based on (I prefer the VI/VIM text editor, which is included with the GitHub command-line client, which also provides basic BASH shell functionality and tools and support for the built-in Windows OpenSSH Server & Clients!


Other Miscellaneous Commands:

mstsc.exe					Start MS Remote Desktop Client (RDP)
sysdm.cpl					Start Rename Windows Hostname & Join Domain/Workgroup & Device
						Manager & RDP Enable.
appwiz.cpl					Start Add/Remove Programs
control netconnections				Open and edit network connections
control update					Start Windows Updates

The BIG List of Windows Commands
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/windows-commands


Windows Server LICENSE MANAGER Commands:

Check Activation Status			slmgr /xpr
View Current License Info		slmgr /dli
View Detailed License Info		slmgr /dlv
Reset Activation Timers			slmgr /rearm
Remove Windows Product Key		slmgr /cpky
Activate Windows Online			slmgr /ato
Change Windows Product Key		slmgr /ipk 12345-12345-12345-12345-1234
Change Remote Product Key		slmgr /ipk Win10Vm10 jamie MyPasswd 12345-12345-12345-12345-12345
Deactivate Windows			slmgr /upk


DETAILED SLMGR USAGE WITH ALL AVAILABLE SWITCHES & OPTIONS:
slmgr [MachineName [username [password]]] [option]

Slmgr Command Options
Item	Explanation
MachineName	The machine to administer. Defaults to the local machine if omitted.
username	The username of an administrator account on the remote machine.
password	The password for username.
/ato	Activate Windows license and product key against Microsoft's server.
/atp Confirmation_ID	Activate the product with a user-provided Confirmation_ID. 
/cdns	Disable DNS publishing by the KMS host.
/ckhc	Disable KMS host caching.
/ckms	Clear the name of KMS server used to default and port to default.
/cpky	Delete the Windows product key from Windows Registry.
/cpri	Set the KMS priority to low.
/dli	Display the current license information with activation status and partial product key.
/dlv	Display additional license information. Similar to /dli but more detailed.
/dti	Display Installation ID for offline activation.
/ipk key	Change the Windows product key. Replaces the current product key if present.
/ilc file	Install a license file.
/rilc 	Reinstall system license files.
/rearm	Reset the evaluation period/licensing status and activation state of the computer. Use /rearm-app to specify an app, or /rearm-sku for a specific sku.
/skms	Set the Volume Licensing KMS server and/or the port used for KMS activation.
/skhc	Enable KMS host caching (enabled by default). This blocks the use of DNS priority and weight after the initial discovery of a working KMS host.
/sai interval	Sets the interval in minutes for unactivated clients to attempt KMS connection.
/spri	Set the KMS priority to normal (default).
/sprt port	Set the port on which the KMS host listens for client activation requests (default TCP port is 1688).
/sdns	Enable DNS publishing by the KMS host (default).
/upk	Uninstall the currently installed Windows product key and return the license status back to a trial state.
/xpr	Show the expiry date of the current license or indicate whether activation is permanent.
The MachineName option can't be used across platforms. For example, you can't manage Windows activation on a Windows 7 computer from a Windows Vista computer.

Slmgr Uses
Software Licensing Management Tool (slmgr) is a VBS file in Windows against which you can run commands to perform advanced Windows product activation tasks.

Slmgr.vbs is used only for the Windows operating system. Ospp.vbs manages volume licensing for Microsoft Office products.



MSC - Microsoft Management Console Commands

* adsiedit.msc
* azman.msc
* certlm.msc
* certmgr.msc
* certsrv.msc
* certtmpl.msc
* comexp.msc
* compmgmt.msc
* devmgmt.msc
* DevModeRunAsUserConfig.msc
* dfsmgmt.msc
* diskmgmt.msc
* dnsmgmt.msc
* domain.msc
* dsa.msc
* dssite.msc
* eventvwr.msc
* fsmgmt.msc
* fsrm.msc
* gpedit.msc
* gpmc.msc
* gpme.msc
* gptedit.msc
* lsdiag.msc
* lusrmgr.msc
* nfsmgmt.msc
* ocsp.msc
* perfmon.msc
* pkiview.msc
* printmanagement.msc
* rrasmgmt.msc
* rsop.msc
* secpol.msc
* services.msc
* taskschd.msc
* tpm.msc
* tsgateway.msc
* WF.msc
* WmiMgmt.msc





More Useful Command Lists From Other Sites

* https://www.lifewire.com/windows-run-command-guide-3401937


Batch File Scripting

* Reading from the Registry
* Enable Remote Desktop Protoco(RDP) from the command line
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